Modeling on a two-dimensional surface is the creation of the illusion of roundness, or three dimensions, through the use of ________.
light and shadow


_refers to the relative degree of lightness or darkness of a surface or a color.

c. value


What name identifies the technique of gradual shifting from light to dark through a successive gradation of tones across a curved surface—a technique often used to create the illusion of three dimensions in two-dimensional media?

b. chiaroscuro

The brightness or dullness of a color is its

c. saturation

On opposite ends of the value spectrum are __________and black.

c. white
Grays that are achieved by mixing various amounts of black and white are called _________________.


e. achromatic

Value contrast refers to the degrees of difference between shades of __
.. gray

The technique of chiaroscuro reached the peak of perfection during the ___________ in Italy.

a. high renaissance

Value plays a key role in design, but can be used by the artist for __________ or symbolic purposes or to evoke an emotional response in the viewer.

e. narrative

Newton's color circle served as the precedent for the ___________color wheel and foundation of color theory in art.

d. twelve-point

Value contrast refers to the difference between circles and squares.
F

Arbitrary color does not accurately reflect the visible reality of things.
F

(T/F) A monochromatic color scheme features two dominant hues.
F

The perception of the value of a color is not dependent on that which surrounds it.

b. False

The word texture derives from the Latin for ________.

a. weaving
The goal of visual ___________is to simulate the look and feel of actual surfaces and textures
Trick the eye
The literal meaning of the French phrase trompe l'oeil is ________.

Actual
_________ texture is related to the materials used to create the work.

Visual
____________texture is the illusion of an actual texture.

Pattern
Texture can be used in concert with __________, which is a design based on the repetition or grouping of elements such as line, shape, color, or texture.

False
(T/F) Artists do not distort textures to communicate their own feelings.

True
(T/F) Impasto is a layer of thickly applied pigment.

False
(T/F) Actual texture is not tactile; it is simulated.

True
(T/F) The goal of visual texture is to simulate the look and feel of actual surfaces and textures.

Vanishing Point
In one-point perspective, parallel lines converge at a single ________ on the horizon.

Freestanding
_____________ sculpture occupies three-dimensional space; it is sculpture that one can walk around or otherwise observe from every angle.

Implied Space
The illusionistic space of a two-dimensional composition is sometimes called__________.

Relative
_________ size accounts for spatial complexity in Martina López's Heirs Come to Pass, 3 (Fig. 5.4).

Vertical
Artists use location—also known as _________positioning—in their compositions as a strategy to signify depth.

Aerial
Atmospheric perspective, also known as ____________ perspective.

Linear
_____________ perspective refers to formal systems developed by artists to portray three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space.

Recession
Two-point perspective is used to represent the ___________of objects that are seen from an angle, or obliquely.

Movement
The work of the Futurists represents an exaggeration, an extreme in the depiction of ____________.

Implied
___________time is the portrayal or suggestion of the passage or duration of time.

False
(T/F) Actual space refers to the dimensions in which we imagine.

False
(T/F) The closer objects are from us, the smaller they appear to the eye.


True
(T/F) Atmospheric perspective is a technique for illustrating depth that incorporates such devices as texture gradient, brightness gradient, color saturation, and the interplay of warm and cool colors.

False
(T/F) Raphael's fresco, The School of Athens (Fig. 5.14A), is a monumental example of two-point perspective.

True
(T/F) The use of multiple perspectives may provide a more complete visual and sensory impression of a pictorial whole than could be obtained from a single vantage point.

Aesthetic
Design or composition is a process-the act of organizing the visual elements to affect a desired ________ end in a work of art.

Polykleitos
One of the earliest artists to be credited with the derivation of a canon of proportions is ________.

Left and Right
In works of art displaying horizontal balance the elements in the _________ portions of the composition are approximately equal in number or visual emphasis.

Radial Balance
Which kind of balance is achieved when the design elements radiate out from a center point?

Emphasis
______________on a particular area or image in a composition can be affected when several of its components direct the viewer's gaze toward a focal point.

Size
Scale refers to ________.

The ideal human body
Polykleitos's Canon of Proportions refers to ________.

Symmetry
Leonardo da Vinci's Proportions of the Human Figure is an example of ________.

Asymmetrical Balance
When the variations to the right and left side of the composition are more than slight, yet there remains an overall sense of balance, there is said to be ________.

Proportion
________ is the comparative relationship, or ratio, of things to one another.

Process
Design or composition is a ________.

Repetition
Rhythm in the arts is created by__________.

The Spiral
The Greeks found further meaning in the golden rectangle by relating it to another form found in nature.

Emphasis
Color and value contrast are two devices that can be manipulated to provide __________.

Radial
The Book of Kings (Fig. 6.29) is an example of __________ balance.

False
(T/F) The geometric pattern or rule that is the basis of the organization of the east façade of the Parthenon (Fig. 6.40) is called the root-seven rectangle.

True
(T/F) Hierarchical scale is a relative size device that an artist uses to indicate the relative importance of the objects or figures in a work of art.

False
(T/F) An alternating rhythm occurs when different elements in a work of art or architecture are repeated in unpredictable order.

False
Emphasis on a particular area or image in a composition can be affected when several of its components direct the viewer's gaze towards several points.

Silverpoint
The discovery of graphite in the 1500's helped to largely replace _____________.

Silverpoint
With this drawing implement, the artist draws by dragging a silver-tipped implement over a surface coated with a ground of bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water, and pigment.

Pencil
A___________ consists of a mixture of graphite powder (a form of carbon) and clay that is baked and hardened and encased in wood or paper.

Wax Crayon
____________ moves easily over a surface, creating lines that have a characteristic sheen.

Charcoal
The controlled charring of special hard woods forms this drawing material.

Pastel
Ground chalk mixed with powdered pigments and a binder creates this drawing material.

Crayon
Conté is one of the most popular forms of this material.

Pen and Wash
This medium is capable of combining the gestural vitality of the pen line with a watery quality.

Full-scale preliminary drawings for larger scale works such as fresco paintings
Today the word "cartoon" usually means a humorous or satirical picture; originally the word referred to ________.

Carbon black and water
The oldest known type of ink is India or China ink. It is a solution of ________.

True
(T/F) Lucas Samara Head #12 (Fig. 7.10) is an example of how pastels are manipulated in countless ways to create different effects.

False
(T/F) Claudio Bravo's Package (Fig. 7.8) bears almost no indication of the "dusty" quality of the media-primarily ink and pastel.

False
(T/F) Silverpoint, pencil, chalk, pastel, and wax crayon are called wet media in drawing.

True
(T/F) Drawing is traditional to the art experience.

Oil
The ground pigment in which painting material combines with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium?

True Fresco
In which painting technique is paint applied to damp lime plaster?


Encaustic
______________is a mixture of ground pigments and a hot, molten wax vehicle applied to a prepared surface.

Acrylic
Unlike oil paint, __________ is fast drying and can be used on a variety of surfaces that need no special preparation.

Watercolor
White does not exist in this painting technique; white must be derived by allowing the white of the paper to "shine" through.

Tempera
Which technique uses a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water?

Fresco
In true ________ the paint must be applied to fresh, damp plaster, artists must work in small sections, preparing a surface that can be completed in a single day.

Watercolor
________ is the technique name commonly used for aquarelle.

Pigment
The color in paint derives from its ________.

Vehicle
Which material is the binding agent of paint?

Medium
Which material provides fluency and pliability to the paint?

Spray Paint
The earliest use of which medium was in prehistoric cave painting?

Acrylic
Which medium is a mixture of pigment and a plastic vehicle?

Oil
The slow drying of which medium facilitates the reworking of problem areas?

Gouache
______________ is watercolor mixed with a high concentration of vehicle and an opaque ingredient such as chalk

True
(T/F) The boundaries between drawing and painting is sometimes blurred.

True
(T/F) Pigments are derived from chemicals and minerals found in plant and animal life.

True
(T/F) Fresco paintings are beautiful in color; however, some pigments will not form chemical bonds with the lime ground.

False
il, acrylic, tempera, and watercolor paint all use a gesso ground.

9999999999999
Sergi Einstein's film The Battleship Potemkin iwas an International hit. It is noted for its:
innovative editing techniques

A major difference between the video works of Nam June Paik and the films of modern filmmakers is
Paik's elect
According to the author, "the individual most responsible for establishing photography as an art form" was:
Alfred Steiglitz.

The widespread use by artists of the camera obscura in the 16th century was tied to the developement of lenses that could
focus the image it projected.

Jean Luc Godard, because of his personal stamp on the movies he made:
fit the concept of auteur in filmmaking.

Julia Margaret Cameron's portraits may be characterized by the photographer's preference for:
***NOT***a pictorialist approach to portraiture.

Early examples of art photography often imitated:
the narrative (or storytelling) form of painting.

In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge photographed a galloping horse, and discovered that:
horses occasionally gallop with all four hooves off the ground.

True or False? Thomas Edison created a one hour movie entitled Fred Ott's Sneeze in 1894 .
False

The photographic style which was formed after World War I and focused on the unconscious was:
Dada

Despite an enthusiastic public acceptance, the success of the daguerreotype was limited by:
the inability to make multiple images from one negative.

In 1888 the Kodak camera changed the history of photography
by making photography easily accessible to the general public.

True or False? Alfred Steiglitz was a photographer who stated that "...photography should not try to be painting"
True

In Raghubir Singh work was unusual because of his use of
color

The film, "A Trip to the Moon", by Georges Melies was created using
real actors and painted scenery

The Farm Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture:
paid photographers like Dorothea Lange to document the Great Depression.

The term for a director whose films are marked by consistent individual style is auteur
True

Richard Throssel's Crow Camp is remarkable because it is so
unremarkable and self reflective.

The artist who poses herself as a variety of female archtypes, like the abandoned girlfriend, the vengeful hussy, the pert secretary and many others is _________.
Cindy Sherman

The photograph by Henry Peach Robinson
used manipulation and a combination of different photographic images in one work

Initially artists primarily used the camera obscura to:
as a drawing tool

True or False? The revolutionary nature of Breathless lies in it's story.
False

True or False? The issue of censorship of the arts was brought to public attention in 1989 when an exhibit of photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe was canceled.
True

The work of a "pure" or "straight" photographer, such as Alfred Steiglitz refers to:
not crop or manipulate the image in the darkroom

Man Ray was originally trained as a
painter

Andy Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans
is a portrait of graphic design.

The American graphic designer who created some of the most memorable logos for IBM, UPS, and ABC is
Paul Rand

Which graphic design team developed the familiar set of symbols used today to communicate information across language barriers to international travelers?
Cook and Shanosky

The video about the Audi TT sedan by designers Matt Pyke at Universal Everything and Karsten Schmidt at PostSpectacular
used a programming language called Processing; never actually showed the car; and did not require production work after it was originally shot.

In 1525, with the advent of moveable type, ________ created a unified alphabet that could be mass-produced.
Albrecht Dürer

The development of ________ in the 19th century introduced the widespread use of color in posters.
color lithography

One of the most effective and easiest ways for a company to change its image is
to redesign its logo


Barbara Kruger uses the familiar look of graphic design to create
to convey unexpected and unsettling messages

A ________ is often the first and key element in creating a complete corporate identity.
logo

One of the most celebrated 19th-century artists, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, created posters for the famous dance hall called
the Moulin Rouge

An image created to accompany words is called
an illustration

Which graphic artist used texts from first person accounts of political terror in El Salvadore, fragmenting and layering their words.
Joan Dobkin

Cassidy Curtis's Graffiti Archaeology is organized by ________ to effectively display its subject.
location and time

With the digital revolution a new element was added for designers to work with ________ by means of an interface.
interacttivity

The ancient symbol from Chinese philosophy that embodies a worldview of mutual interdependence is the ________ symbol.
yin-yang

The ________ first made it possible to devise a notice that could be reproduced in large numbers and distributed widely.
The Printing press

The video about the Audi TT sedan by designers Matt Pyke at Universal Everything and Karsten Schmidt at PostSpectacular
used a programming language called Processing; never actually showed the car; and did not require production work after it was originally shot. (all answers correct)

A designer's blueprint for books and magazines and other works in print is called
a layout

The task of the Graphic design (your text states) has as its goal
to limit interpretation and control meaning as much as possible.

According to the author, graphic design as we know it today has its roots in two developments. They are
the printing press and the Industrial Revolution.

Relief sculpture is:
all of the above.

Because Kiki Smith's sculpture is made out of beeswax it
all of the above

True or False? Gilded is the term used to indicate that a work has been covered with a thin layer of gold.
True

The ______ process, also known as cire-perdue, produces a hollow sculpture and dates back to the 3rd millennium BCE.
lost-wax

In Yayoi Kusama's installation, he created a room literally composed of :
mirrors and a reflecting pools

Which one of these techniques is a subtractive process :
carving

In contrast to modeling, casting seems like a (an) ______ method.
indirect

In the earthworks of __________, the element of time moves to center stage because they ephemeral.
Andy Goldsworthy

The sculpture by Kosho depicts a Buddist monk with little buddahs emerging from his mouth each one representing
the syllable of a chant to help people enter paradise

The Serpent Mound in Ohio was once thought to be:
an ancient Hopewell Indian site.

True or False? The Serpent Mound, found near Locust Grove Ohio was found to contain no burials.
True

________ is a sculptural process of bringing together individual pieces, segments, or objects to form a sculpture.
Assemblage

Four basic methods for making a sculpture are:
modeling, casting, carving, and assembling.

The process of lost-wax casting uses a ________
core of specially prepared clay with a layer of wax.

The artworks of Christo and Jeanne-Claude are intended:
all of the above

Many of Andy Goldsworthy's sculptures often last
no more than a few hours

True or False? In creating the Colossal Head, Olmec artists used the lost-wax method of sculpting.
False

The Indian sculpture Durga Fighting the Buffalo Demon is an example of:
high-relief sculpture.

Thomas Hirschhorn's artwork is assembled from among other things
transparent plastic foil, books, chains, basins,

Contrapposto (meaning counter poise or counterbalance) was developed by ________ as a pose for sculptures of the human figure.
ancient Greeks

The gates by Christo and Jeanne Claude was carried out using
hundreds of paid workers helped build temporary installation

True or False? A sculpture by Michelangelo could be used to illustrate contrapposto.
True

True or False? The term earthwork refers to a work created for a particular site and specifically by an ancient civilization.
False

Spirit Spouse is a 20th century carving from Baule and is made to keep a spouse from the spirit world ____.
happy and un-jealous

Fired clay is sometimes called:
terra cotta

Although symbols convey information and embody ideas,
they have no meaning in themselves; their meaning is invented by cultural use; and the ideas they embody may change radically with time

10
picture plane
The two-dimensional surface on which shapes are organized into a composition.

hieratic scaling
A composition in which the size of figures is determined by their thematic importance.

overlapping
A device for creating an illusion of depth in which some shapes are in front of and partially hide or obscure others.

horizon line (eye level)
The farthest point we can see where the delineation between the sky and ground becomes distinct. The line on the picture plane that indicates the extent of illusionistic space and on which are located the vanishing points.

aerial perspective (atmospheric)
The perception of less distinct contours and value contrasts as forms recede into the background. Colors appear to be washed out in the distance of take on the color of the atmosphere. Also called atmospheric perspective.

linear perspective
A spatial system used in two-dimensional artworks to create the illusion of space. It is based on the perception that if parallel lines are extended to the horizon line, they appear to converge and meet at a common point, called the vanishing point.

one point perspective
A system of spatial illusion in two-dimensional art based on the convergence of parallel lines to a common vanishing point usually on the horizon.

two point perspective
A scene that is viewed through an angle, with no objects parallel to the picture plane and with edges receding on two points on the horizon line.

multi point perspective
A system of spatial illusion with different vanishing points for different sets of parallel lines.

amplified perspective
A dynamic and dramatic illusionistic effect created when an object is pointed directly at the viewer

juxtaposition
When one image or shape is placed next to or in comparison to another image or shape.

isometric projection
A spatial illusion that occurs when lines receding on the diagonal remain parallel instead of converging toward a common vanishing point. Used commonly in Oriental and Far Eastern art.

open form
The placement of elements in a composition so that they are cut off by the boundary of the design. This implies that the picture is a partial view of a larger scene.

closed form
The placement of objets by which a composition keeps the viewer's attention within the picture.

transparency
A situation in which an object or form allows light to pass through it. In two-dimensional art, two forms overlap, but they are both seen in their entirety.

equivocal space
An ambiguous space in which it is hard to distinguish the foreground from the background. Your perception seems to alternate from one to the other.

11


kinetic
Artworks that actually move or having moving parts.

Op Art
A style of art and design that emphasizes the optical phenomena.
kinesthetic empathy
A mental process in which the viewer consciously or unconsciously recreates or feels an action or motion he or she only observes.

anticipated movement
The implication of movement on a static two-dimensional surface caused by the viewer's past experience with a similar situation.

repeating a figure
A compositional device in which a recognizable figure appears within the same composition in different positions and situations so as to relate a narrative to the viewer.

blurred outlines
A visual device in which most details and the edges of a form are lot in the rapidity of the implied movement.

multiple image
A visual device used to suggest the movement that occurs when a figure is shown in a sequence of slightly overlapping poses in which each successive position suggests movement from the prior position.

lines of force
Lines that show the pathway of movement and add strong visual emphasis to a suggestion of motion.

11


kinetic
Artworks that actually move or having moving parts.

Op Art
A style of art and design that emphasizes the optical phenomena.
kinesthetic empathy
A mental process in which the viewer consciously or unconsciously recreates or feels an action or motion he or she only observes.

anticipated movement
The implication of movement on a static two-dimensional surface caused by the viewer's past experience with a similar situation.

repeating a figure
A compositional device in which a recognizable figure appears within the same composition in different positions and situations so as to relate a narrative to the viewer.

blurred outlines
A visual device in which most details and the edges of a form are lot in the rapidity of the implied movement.

multiple image
A visual device used to suggest the movement that occurs when a figure is shown in a sequence of slightly overlapping poses in which each successive position suggests movement from the prior position.

lines of force
Lines that show the pathway of movement and add strong visual emphasis to a suggestion of motion

What is kinetic art?
Art that includes actively moving parts.

Why do artists try to create compositional movement within their two-dimensional designs?
It created interest.

What is a type of rhythm?
Unexpected

What is a way of generating compositional movement?
Emphasis

What are two ways to record or indicate actual movement on a flat surface?
Contrast and repetition

Similar to rythme and music and dance.
Visual movement

Who made brightly painted paper cut outs?
Matisse

What is an example of visual rythm?
Alternating

What adds movement to a composition?
Curving and diagonal lines

When is a rhythm progressive?
When its repeated motifs change in a predictable or regular way

Additive sculpture process
artists build something up

modeling
additive process (usually w/ clay) ex: Tomb of emperor

casting
involves a mold in which molten material is poured and allowed to hard ex: Burghers of Calias

assemblage
process of bring individual objects together to form one lager one ex: Puppy, Cloud Gate, Pleasure Point

earthworks
ex: Spiral Jetty

craft
functional object ex: the event of a thread

ceramics
clay objects either hollow or flat ex: Raku tea bowl, Jar

glassblowing
ex: Mille Fiori

fiber vertical threads
warp

fiber horizontal threads
weft or woof

tapestry
weaving which the weft is several colors

metal
ex: Urban Lights

shell system
one basic material providing both structural support and outside covering

skeleton and skin building
basic interior frame that supports a fragile outer covering ex: wind v Eiffel Tower

load bearing
walls bear weight of the roof

post and lintel construction
consists of a horizontal beam supported at each end by a vertical post

fluting
grooves in columns that run up and down

entasis
tapered columns, narrow

acropolis
center of civic life

colonnades
rows of columns

777777777777777777
Silverpoint
The discovery of graphite in the 1500's helped to largely replace _____________.

Silverpoint
With this drawing implement, the artist draws by dragging a silver-tipped implement over a surface coated with a ground of bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water, and pigment.

Pencil
A___________ consists of a mixture of graphite powder (a form of carbon) and clay that is baked and hardened and encased in wood or paper.

Wax Crayon
____________ moves easily over a surface, creating lines that have a characteristic sheen.

Charcoal
The controlled charring of special hard woods forms this drawing material.

Pastel
Ground chalk mixed with powdered pigments and a binder creates this drawing material.

Crayon
Conté is one of the most popular forms of this material.

Pen and Wash
This medium is capable of combining the gestural vitality of the pen line with a watery quality.

Full-scale preliminary drawings for larger scale works such as fresco paintings
Today the word "cartoon" usually means a humorous or satirical picture; originally the word referred to ________.

Carbon black and water
The oldest known type of ink is India or China ink. It is a solution of ________.

True
(T/F) Lucas Samara Head #12 (Fig. 7.10) is an example of how pastels are manipulated in countless ways to create different effects.

False
(T/F) Claudio Bravo's Package (Fig. 7.8) bears almost no indication of the "dusty" quality of the media-primarily ink and pastel.

False
(T/F) Silverpoint, pencil, chalk, pastel, and wax crayon are called wet media in drawing.

True
(T/F) Drawing is traditional to the art experience.

Oil
The ground pigment in which painting material combines with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium?

True Fresco
In which painting technique is paint applied to damp lime plaster?

Encaustic
______________is a mixture of ground pigments and a hot, molten wax vehicle applied to a prepared surface.

Acrylic
Unlike oil paint, __________ is fast drying and can be used on a variety of surfaces that need no special preparation.

Watercolor
White does not exist in this painting technique; white must be derived by allowing the white of the paper to "shine" through.

Tempera
Which technique uses a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water?

Fresco
In true ________ the paint must be applied to fresh, damp plaster, artists must work in small sections, preparing a surface that can be completed in a single day.