One of my students asked me once if I felt ashamed about America dropping the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. We talked for a while about it, very openly, and I expressed to her that I felt that nations at war do terrible things as a matter of course, because war itself is a type of human insanity. She agreed, and then I asked her how she felt about Nanking. It quickly became apparent that she had never heard about it, so I described it to her. She scoffed at the idea, and went as far as to suggest that I must be mistaking something fictional for fact, and Japan had never done anything like I was describing. I suggested that she Google it, and the lesson ended.

我的一个学生曾经问我，我会不会为美国向广岛和长崎投掷原子弹感到羞愧。就此我们非常坦诚地聊了很久，我向她表示，处在战争中的国家认为做可怕的事情是理所当然的，因为战争本身就是一种人类的疯狂。她表示同意，然后我问她对南京（大屠杀）的感受。很明显，她从来就没有听说过，所以我向她描述了那个事件。她嘲笑我的想法，而且还说我肯定是把某些虚构的东西误当成事实了，日本从来没有做过任何像我描述那样的事情。我建议她谷歌搜一下，然后下课了。

The next lesson she came and told me that she had researched it as I suggested, and she humbly apologized for not believing me initially. She said that she felt ashamed of the things Japan had done, and I told her that I was ashamed of my country's war crimes as well.

第二节课她过来告诉我她已经按照我的建议搜索过了，她恭敬地为一开始不相信我而道歉。她说她为日本所做的事情感到羞愧，我跟她说我也为我们国家犯下的战争罪行感到羞愧。

当德国从未攻击过美国时，为什么美国要与德国作战？


Marcus Sellers
Because Hitler declared war on the United States four days after Pearl Harbour: German declaration of war against the United States (1941) - WikipediaAt that point, Germany was at war with the United States, so the United States reciprocated. A declaration of war is a statement of intent. So the moment Germany declared war, the U.S. and Germany were at war. The U.S. declaration formally allowed the government of the U.S. to respond.As for the Second World War in Europe not being our business, I recommend you do two things: first, review the logic of your question, because the moment that Hitler declared war on America, the war in Europe was completely the business of the United States and two, review the insane writings and dictums of Adolph Hitler and the Nazi party. Their goal was nothing less than the total and complete conquest of the world, subjugation of the Untermensch and destruction of those deemed undesirables. Hitler declared the U.S. a nation of mixed race and thus, under his crackpated racial theories, was inhabited by Untermenschen and other undesirables.What we sacrificed so many American lives for was to be free of the evil of encroaching fascism, and not a single person who fought that war would argue we shouldn’t have been in it. In fact, during that time, only individuals in the German Bund (a Nazi propaganda organization in America), Father Conklin (a pro-fascist catholic priest), and American First Committee (Charles Lindbergh, a fascist sympathiser, was the public face of the organization). And that doesn’t include the members of what we would call the 1% who supported fascism abroad and at home (c.f. Ford motor company in Nazi Germany, Standard Oil in Franco’s Spain and the Luftwaffe, and Chase bank to name a few. I refer you to this article: 11 Companies That Surprisingly Collaborated With the Nazis; and let’s not get into the Business Plot - Wikipedia).And as for using all our resources against Japan, we did just fine, thank you. America outproduced every single nation involved in the Second World War combined. So I think we had enough resources and production.Nazi Germany the victim of American Imperialism? So the Deutsches Reich (The German Empire) which invaded Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, the Channel Islands, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Yugoslavia, Greece, the Soviet Union, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, French Tunisia, Monaco, Italy, Albania, and Finland was the victim of the mean old Americans during the Second World War? Where are you getting this revisionist garbage?Look, I think the questions you really must ask yourself are, firstly, are you a postmodernist who believes in the fascist political aesthetic? And if not, why would you rationalize an attempt to rehabilitate one of the most evil and corrupt regimes on the planet?

回答一：

因为希特勒在珍珠港事件四天后对美国宣战:
（请看链接）德国对美国宣战(1941年)——维基百科.

当时，德国正与美国交战，所以美国也做出了回应。
宣战是一种意图声明。
所以德国一宣战，美国和德国就处于战争状态。
美国的宣战正式允许美国的政府做出回应.

在欧洲的第二次世界大战是不关我们的事.
我建议楼主（提问之前）先做两件事：
1. 先看你的问题前提逻辑.
当时，是希特勒先向美国宣战的. （这样子）欧洲的战争就完全和美国有关了.
2. 去看看希特勒及其纳碎党的疯狂言论，还有他们的著作.
他们的目标就是彻底地征服世界，消灭所谓的劣等人，消灭那些被认为是不受欢迎的人.

希特勒宣布美国是一个混合种族的国家，
因此，在他那残破不堪的种族理论下，美国是居住着一些不受欢迎的人的.

我们牺牲了那么多美国人的生命，就是为了摆脱法西斯主义的入侵，
任何参加过那场战争的人都不会说我们不应该参战.

Luke Harkin
Germany declared war first, by the way. Might want to do some research before making claims.We were already basically fighting Nazi Germany indirectly. Everybody hated Nazi Germany but nobody wanted to fight a costly war after WWI had occurred just two decades earlier. However, the Lend Lease Program ensured that we were doing our part by aiding our allies in Europe.The Lend Lease Program supplied Allied nations with food, materiel support, oil and raw resources. The US spent the modern-day equivalent of $667 billion on the Lend Lease Program, sending millions of tons of supplies to The UK, The USSR, China, France and Australia as well as other Allied nations. We were essentially fighting the war through our allies; many Royal Navy Ships were lent to the UK from America.Also, the biggest thing was that Japan attacked us in the name of the Axis, not in the name of Japan. Hitler declared war four days after Pearl Harbor. The US declared war hours after.Germany and Japan started it when they became ruthless dictatorships that massacred millions of innocent civilians and held racist ideologies. They started it when they attacked America for continuing the Lend Lease Program and blockading their goods to resist evil and inhumanity. America was right and just in their ideological views, not the enemy. I don’t care about how ‘victors write history’ because Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan were just plain evil.Also, Germany did attack the United States many times before declaring war. Ever heard of the Battle of the Atlantic? Germany sunk many British, French and American cargo and navy ships to prevent the Allies from being supplied by the United States. Thousands of American sailors were killed, even before the official declaration of war.Get this anti-American nonsense out of here and go do some research instead.

回答二：
顺便说一下，是德国先向美国宣战的。
楼主在提问之前可能需要做一些调查.

（在参战之前）我们基本上已经在间接地对抗纳粹德国了。
每个人都讨厌纳粹德国，但没人愿意在第一次世界大战刚刚过去20年之后，打一场代价高昂的战争。
然而，借贷租赁计划确保了我们通过帮助欧洲盟友尽了自己的一份力量。

租借计划为（欧洲的）盟国提供了粮食、物资、石油和原材料的支持.
美国在租借计划上支出了相当于现在6670亿美元的资金来支援盟友.
向英国、苏联、中国、法国、澳大利亚以及其他盟国运送了数百万吨物资。
我们实际上是通过我们的盟友进行战争的，英国的许多皇家海军舰艇是由美国提供的.

另外，最重要的事是：日本以轴心国的名义攻击我们，而不是以日本的名义。
珍珠港事件四天后希特勒就向美国宣战。几小时后，美国宣布对德开战。

Daniel Clinton
From 1939 until June 22 1941 the USSR was much more of a German ally than a US ally, cooperating in the dismemberment of Poland and delivering vast quantities of raw materials and foodstuffs to feed German industry and people.

从1939年到1941年6月22日，苏联与其说是美国的盟友，不如说是德国的盟友，
它与德国合作肢解波兰，并为德国工业和人民提供大量原材料和食品。

Noah Mercado
Actually, the last thing Japan wanted was war. Emperor Hirohito despised his alliance with Nazi Germany and wanted no part in the war. Japan declared war by unanimous desicion of its war generals. In fact, Hirohito wanted to surrender way back in 1941 because he saw no reason to be in said war.

事实上，日本最不想要的就是战争。
裕仁天皇鄙视他与纳粹德国的联盟，不想参与战争。
而日本的将领则一致决定宣战。
事实上，裕仁天皇早在1941年就想投降，因为他认为没有理由参加这场战争。

Edward Hynes
If you mean in World War I, because Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917 even though they knew this would bring us into the war (Wilson made this clear after the Lusitania was sunk in 1915). The German high command deliberately gambled that they could drive Britain out of the war and defeat the allies before the U.S. could mobilize and get troops to Europe. Our army was minuscule and totally unprepared to enter the war, so it was obvious it would take a while to raise an army and get it to Europe. We ended up relying on the French and British for a lot of equipment, notably artillery, aircraft and tanks, but the sheer number of fresh troops and the boost to allied morale were decisive.If you mean World War II, because Germany declared war on the U.S. on December 11, 1941. Their treaty with Japan did not require them to go to war since it was Japan that initiated hostilities with us. Prior to Pearl Harbor, we recognized that a German victory would present a serious threat to our interests and ultimately to our security, which is why we were closely supporting Britain and clearly sliding into war. However, if Germany had not declared war when she did, it would have presented Roosevelt with an awkward problem since there would have great pressure to forget about Germany and focus entirely on Japan.

Brett Kuntze
I have my own personal theory .. Look, I think that America propped up Nazi regime in Germany and use Nazis to invade Russia in hopes of crushing communism there. I somewhat think that it was so illogical for the Nazis to bypass the British for Russia first. This is a blatantly obvious suspicion .. Russia pushed the Nazis back which got America interested in the war because there was no knowing how far Russia would go . Russia could have taken all of the Europe except the British which controls America without our knowing.. The British still runs America to this day, but nobody can prove it… Only the ruling class in the British knows.. The sun still never sets in the British empire… Now we have Brexit and I am trying to figure out what it really means .. Again, look at Sen "Joe" McCarthy and his Anti Communist subcommittee during the late1940’s right after the end of WWII , then Vietnam, etc.. Russia’s Stalin was a direct threat to America and there is almost no way for Ameica to contain Russia other than through Europe, so that was probably why Nazi was created as a proxy war against Stalin which was no different than Vietnam, Korea and probably the Middle East (Iraq) as well. It is kind of interesting that very little is said or known about the Czarism that had long run Russia until 1917 when Lenin went communist and Stalin expanding communism globally through WW1 as well as WWII. We had WWI for probably the same reason we had WWII. We probably succeeded with containing Russia’s communism after WWII after having to send our own soliders that Hitler failed with his own… the Jews is probably caught up in the cross fire as Hitler probably got frustrated and annihilate Jews as a payback to America for what happened to Germany . Hitler’s invasion of Europe was probably necessary to prevent any possible interference from France or other nations in Hitler’s bid to crush Russia.. The British is just looking the other way and the bombing of England is just a side dressing.. to distract historians.. you may think that you can find holes in my personal theory, but I am not explaining every part of my theory which is much larger than what is posted here, like why Hitler built supersized weapons and installations and rockets and so forth.. as I can suppose that America asked Hitler to build them as “practice” targets for America to see how good we can destroy them like dam bustings for example.. Russia had never destroyed any of Hitler’s super weapons… Russians just rolled in Germany too easily from the east because there were no superweapons on the east front. it could have been an entirely different story had Hitler succeeding in crushing Russia and take Moscow.. I can suppose that Hitler would turn around and make peace with America..or something like that. Hitler committed suicide so that we cannot pick his brain if he got captured alive..as America probably expected Hitler to do that!

希特勒入侵欧洲很可能是为了防止法国或其他国家对希特勒入侵俄国的企图进行任何可能的干涉.
希特勒轰炸英国只是个幌子，用来分散历史学家的注意力，英国人也睁只眼闭只眼（想把德国引往苏联）.

你们可能以为能在我的这些理论观点中找到漏洞，但是，我的全部理论比在这里所说的要完全得多，不过，我并不打算在这里解释我的理论的所有部分.
比如希特勒为什么要建造超大规模的武器、设施和火箭等等。

我可以说，那是美国要求希特勒来建造那些武器的，美国想让希特勒“练 ”那些武器给美国看看，看那些武器的威力有多大，比如轰炸大坝的效果.
俄罗斯从未摧毁过希特勒的任何超级武器……
俄罗斯人从东部进入德国实在是太容易了，因为东部前线没有超级武器。

如果希特勒成功地粉碎了俄国并占领了莫斯科，情况可能会完全不同，比如，
希特勒会回心转意，与美国媾和.
希特勒是自杀的，所以那些秘密就永远不会再透露出来了，如果他被活捉的话........
美国人可能是期望希特勒那样做的（如摧毁苏联）.

John Bogin
Germany declared war on the USA after Pearl Harbour. It was agreed between the USA and Britain, that it was more important to stop the Germans in Europe than the Japanese in the Pacific. Consider the vast distances that the Japanese would have to travel to get to such places as Australia or Hawaii. When France fell then the Germans were only 21 miles from England. If England had fallen then the chance of Europe being liberated from Nazi domination would have been incredibly difficult.If England had fallen then Russia would have had to fight on alone without the convoys of aid which Britain helped send to Murmansk. Germany would not have suffered the bombing which crippled its industries and its cities. The Mediterranean sea would have become an Axis sea. European resistance fighters would not have received weapons and support from Britain.Take the idea one step further and imagine Britain becoming a Nazi puppet state. Spitfires, Lancasters, Hurricanes and Mosquitos being sold to Hitler and the British Navy becoming part of the Kriegsmarine. British soldiers becoming part of the German army.Britain might have been able to resist invasion without American troops, soldiers and airmen but we could not have invaded Europe on out own.You have got to ask yourself what kind of world would we be living in if the Axis powers had won. We would all be driving around in German cars and using Japanese computers

回答五：
珍珠港事件后，是德国向美国宣战。
美国和英国一致认为，在欧洲阻止德国人比在太平洋阻止日本人更重要。
想想看，日本人要到澳大利亚或夏威夷这样的地方是要走很远的路的。

当法国沦陷时，德国离英国只有21英里。
如果英国沦陷，那么欧洲从纳粹统治下解放出来的机会将是难以置信的困难。
如果英国陷落，那么俄罗斯将不得不独自作战，就没有英国帮助运送到摩尔曼斯克的援助车队了。而且，德国就不会遭受英国的轰炸，而英国的轰炸则摧毁了德国的工业和城市。
地中海将成为轴心国的海。
欧洲抵抗运动的战士也得不到英国的武器和支持。

再进一步设想，英国将成为一个纳粹傀儡国家。
喷火式战斗机、兰开斯特战斗机、飓风和蚊子会被卖给希特勒，
英国海军也成为Kriegsmarine的一部分。
英国士兵也成为德国军队的一部分。

如果没有美国陆军、空军，英国或许能够抵御德国的入侵，但我们不可能独自反攻到欧洲。
你必须问问自己，如果轴心国赢了，我们将生活在一个什么样的世界里？
我们会开着德国车，使用着日本的电脑.

中国古代的战略家是如何培养的？比如诸葛亮 [美国媒体]

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：跑龙套 转载请注明出处
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-483571-1-1.html

How were strategists of Ancient China trained? I noticed that during the Three Kingdoms, strategists were very young. Hermits like Zhuge Liang for example came from the middle of nowhere and created hugely successful strategies. How is it possible?

中国古代的战略家是如何培养的？我发现三国时期的战略家都非常年轻。比如诸葛亮这种不知从哪里冒出来的隐士也能制定出非常成功的战略。这如何可能？（上）

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：跑龙套 转载请注明出处
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-483571-1-1.html

Jiawen Cheong, 龙的传人
Answered Dec 11, 2017
Zhuge Liang joined Liu Bei in 207 AD, age 26. Let’s see how his age compares to other well-known historical military figures.
334 BC: Alexander the Great, age 18, invades the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire.
221 BC: Hannibal Barca, age 26, made commander-in-chief of Carthaginian Army. Begins invasion of Rome in the Second Punic War. He is eventually defeated by Scipio Africanus, who was made Proconsul of Rome at the age of 25.

诸葛亮公元207年加入刘备，时年26岁。我们再看看其他历史上著名的军事人物的年龄。
公元前334年：亚历山大大帝，18岁，入侵了尼德王朝。
公元前221年：汉尼拔，26岁，迦太基军队的总司令。在第二次布匿战争中开始入侵罗马。他最终被西庇阿打败，而他在25岁的时候就成为了罗马总督。

Can Zhang, B.A. in Chinese Culture
Answered Jan 13, 2018
The real history is actually very much different from the depiction of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
For instance, Romance depicted that Liu Bei sent an invasion force of 750,000 to avenge Guan Yu's death at the hands of Wu, but the reality is Shu's invasion force was actually less than 1/10th of that, and that by the time the “Young Strategist” Lu Xun (he was actually close to his 40’s) arrived at Yiling, Wu had the numerical advantage over Shu. Thus, the famed “Lu Xun raises a 700 mile long inferno” was actually not only a fabrication, it was not within the same ballpark of the truth. The kind of “A strategist plans within his tent for victories thousands of miles away” is a specific kind of fantasy for scholars who fancied themselves genius military commanders after having read a few books, and those depictions are their fantasies put into text form. It inspires people to read and study, but is not how wars are won.

真实的历史其实和《三国演义》里讲述的很不一样。比如，三国演义里说刘备为了替关羽报仇而派出了75万人的入侵军队对付吴国，但事实是蜀国的入侵部队不到那个的十分之一，当“年轻的战略家”陆逊（当时实际上已经接近40岁）抵达夷陵时，吴国对蜀国有着很多优势。因此，著名的陆逊火烧连营的故事也是捏造，不真实的。运筹帷幄，决胜千里之外，这也是一种幻想，因为这些人在读了几本书后特别喜欢将自己当成是天才的军事指挥者，这些描述都是他们的想象，诉诸于文字。这能激励人们去阅读和研究，但战争不是这样打赢的。

Real strategists are those who have been through many battles and naturally selected by survival. Even Zhuge Liang, the symbol of military strategy in novels, was a terrible strategist but a brilliant administrator. Shu was able to contend with the much bigger and more populous Wei through his economic policies and mobilization, not because he devised genius strategies that defeated forces much larger than his own. In real history, Zhuge Liang’s victories were few and far in between, and that’s why he never made any real progress towards any of Wei’s heartland.

真正的战略家是那些经历过众多战斗而生存下来的人。即使是诸葛亮这种小说里的军事战略象征也是一个糟糕的战略家，但是是一个聪明的管理者。蜀国通过经济政策和动员从而可以对抗规模更大人口更多的魏国，而不是因为诸葛亮的天才策略。在真实的历史中，诸葛亮的胜利是很少的，所以他从来没能真正的侵入魏国的腹地。

Meng Feifei, lives in China
Answered Jan 18, 2018
Because the Three Kingdoms period was the peak of Chinese family politics. At the period, national politics were dominated by big families. These families were very powerful. They had their own land, towns, tax income and private army. They monopolized talent selection. Family pedigree came first.

因为三国时期是中国家族政治的巅峰时期。当时，国内政治由大家族主导。这些家族非常强大。他们有自己的土地，城镇，税收收入和私人军队。他们垄断了人才选拔。家族血统优先。

If you were a young guy in the Three Kingdom period, you came from a powerful family, you were entitled to a position in the government when coming of age.
This pedigree-based talent selection system lingered on a while even after Emperor Wen of Sui introduced the imperial exam system.

三国时期如果你是个年轻人，来自权势家族，成年后你就能在政府获得一个职位。
这种家谱为基础的人才选拔制度在隋文帝推出科举制度后还持续了一段时间。