唐代中国取得的十大成就 [美国媒体]


唐朝统治中国不到三个世纪，但在此期间，中国在军事和文化上都经历了一个很大的进步和发展。许多伟大的诗人都出自唐代，唐时在医学和技术方面都有一些重要的发明。以下就是中国最伟大的朝代之一唐朝的十大成就。

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Tang Dynasty ruled China for a little less than three centuries during which China saw a period of progress and growth both militarily and culturally. Many great poets belong to the Tang era and several important inventions were made in medicine and technology. Here are 10 major achievements and accomplishments of one of the greatest dynasties to serve China.

唐朝统治中国不到三个世纪，但在此期间，中国在军事和文化上都经历了一个很大的进步和发展。许多伟大的诗人都出自唐代，唐时在医学和技术方面都有一些重要的发明。以下就是中国最伟大的朝代之一唐朝的十大成就。

#1 CHINA BECAME THE LARGEST NATION IN THE WORLD
During the Tang Dynasty, China reached unprecedented heights becoming the largest and strongest nation in the world. It covered most of the territory of present-day China, Vietnam and much of Central Asia as far as eastern Kazakhstan. Its capital Chang’an (present-day Xi’an) was the most populous city in the world at the time. It was a cosmopolitan urban center with considerable foreign populations from other parts of Asia and beyond.

#1中国成为世界上最大的国家
唐朝时期，中国成为了世界上领土最大、实力也最强大的国家，达到了前所未有的高度。其领土覆盖了当今中国、越南和中亚大部分地区，一直延伸到现在的哈萨克斯坦东部。它的首都长安（今西安）是当时世界上人口最多的城市，并且它是一个世界性的城市中心，有大量来自亚洲其他地区和亚洲以外其他地区的外国人口来往不绝。

Map showing the Tang Dynasty at it’s maximum extent

唐朝最大疆域图

#2 THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE CRIMINAL CODE IN CHINA WAS CREATED
The first comprehensive criminal code in China was created in 624 AD in the Tang Dynasty. It was divided into 500 articles specifying different crimes and penalties ranging from ten blows with a light stick, one hundred blows with a heavy rod, exile, penal servitude, or execution. The Tang Code is considered as one of the greatest achievements of traditional Chinese law and it became the basis for later dynastic codes not only in China but elsewhere in East Asia.

#2中国第一部全面刑法典诞生
中国第一部综合性刑法典于公元624年在唐代制定。它被分为500篇，具体说明了不同的罪行以及每个罪行对应的处罚，从10次轻棍打击到100次重棒打击、流放、劳役或处决。唐律被认为是中国传统法律最伟大的成就之一，它不仅成为中国后世王朝法典的基础，而且也成为东亚其他地方王朝法典的基础。

Tang statue of a civil official

唐朝一位文官的雕像

#3 THE IMPERIAL EXAMINATION BECAME THE MAJOR PATH TO OFFICE
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy. Although it started as early as the Han Dynasty, it became a major path to office only during the Tang era and remained so until its abolition in 1905. It was during Tang that the process became a comprehensive system with students being tested on Confucian classics, knowledge of governance and politics, ability to compose original poetry and to a lesser extent calligraphy, mathematics and law.

#3 科举考试成了进入官场的主要途径
科举制度是中国王朝为国家官僚机构选拔候选人的一种制度。虽然它早在汉代就开始了，但直到唐朝才成为进入官场的主要途径，直到1905年才被废除。正是在唐代，这一过程变成了一个完整的体系，学生们接受儒家经典、国家治理和政治知识、创作原创诗歌的能力以及书法、数学和法律等方面的测试以进入仕途。

#4 CHINESE POETRY REACHED ITS PINNACLE
The Tang era is considered the greatest age for Chinese poetry. Such was the importance of poetry that skills in composing poems were required to pass the imperial examinations. Many prominent Chinese poets belonged to the Tang age including Li Bai, often considered the greatest Chinese poet of all time; and Du Fu, another all-time great who is called the “Poet-Historian”. Poetry styles that were popular in the Tang were gushi, unregulated or “old (or ancient) poetry”; and jintishi, regulated or “modern-form poetry”.

#4 中国诗歌创作达到了鼎盛时期
唐代被认为是中国诗歌最伟大的时代。诗歌的重要性在于，要通过科举考试，就必须掌握诗歌的写作技巧。许多杰出的中国诗人都出自唐代，包括李白，他被认为是中国历史上最伟大的诗人，还有杜甫，另一位被称为"诗史"的空前伟大的诗人。盛行于唐代的诗有古体诗（非格律诗）以及近体诗（律诗）。（译注：诗史应该指的是杜甫的诗，而不是杜甫其人）

Li Bai of the Tang Dyansty who is considered the greatest Chinese poet

唐代的李白被认为是中国最伟大的诗人

#5 LITERATURE FLOURISHED
The Tang period was a golden age of Chinese literature. Apart from poetry, short stories and tales were popular. Yuan Zhen was a prominent writer and his work Yingying’s Biography was widely circulated and is considered to be one of the first works of fiction in Chinese literature. Another important work is Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang by Duan Chengshi which contains varied content including foreign legends and hearsay, reports on natural phenomena, short anecdotes and notes on such topics as medicinal herbs and tattoos.

#5 唐朝文学欣欣向荣
唐代是中国文学的黄金时代。除了诗歌，短篇小说和戏剧也很受欢迎。元稹是一位杰出的作家，他的《莺莺传》被广泛传阅，被认为是中国文学史上第一部小说。另一部重要作品是段成式的《酉阳杂俎》，内容丰富多样，包括外国传说、道听途说、自然现象报道、短篇轶事、药材、文身等题材的记录等等。

#6 WORLD’S EARLIEST DATED PRINTED BOOK WAS MADE IN THE TANG PERIOD
Woodblock printing saw great development during the Tang period. The Diamond Sutra, the world’s earliest dated printed book, has been dated precisely to 868, which falls during the Tang era. Woodblock printing which became prent during the Tang period would remain the dominant printing type in China till the printing press from Europe overtook several centuries later. The new age of printing during Tang also led to the invention of playing cards.

#6 唐朝出现了世界上可考证的最早的印刷书籍
唐代木刻印刷术有了很大的发展。世界上可考证的最古老的印刷书籍《金刚经》，其出现的精确年代是公元868年，也就是唐朝的时候。唐代流行的木刻印刷术在中国仍占主导地位，直到几个世纪后才被欧洲的印刷术取代，唐代印刷术的新发展也间接导致了扑克牌的发明。

A page from the Diamond Sutra

《金刚经》上的一页

#7 PHYSICIANS OF TANG DYNASTY WERE THE FIRST TO SUCCESSFULLY TREAT PATIENTS WITH GOITRE
During the reign of Tang Dynasty, pharmacopeias were compiled with text and illustrated drawings for 833 different medicinal substances. Medicine authors during Tang included Zhen Chuan, who first identified in writing that patients with diabetes had an excess of sugar in their urine; and Sun Simiao, who was the first to recognize that diabetic patients should avoid consuming alcohol and starchy foods. Also thyroid glands of sheep and pigs were successfully used to treat goiters, a technique not used in the west until 1890.

#7 唐朝的医生是第一个成功治疗甲状腺肿的人
唐朝时期，人们用文字和插图为833种不同的药材编制了药典。唐代的医学作者包括甄立言，他首先书面确认糖尿病患者的尿液中有过量的糖，孙思邈是第一个认识到糖尿病患者应该避免饮酒和吃淀粉类食物的人。绵羊和猪的甲状腺也被成功地用于治疗甲状腺肿，而在西方这种技术直到1890年才被使用。

Sun Simiao of Tang was titled as China’s King of Medicine

唐代的孙思邈被称为药王

#8 WORLD’S FIRST CLOCKWORK ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM WAS INVENTED
An escapement is a device in mechanical watches and clocks which transfers energy to the clock’s timekeeping element and allows the number of its oscillations to be counted. The Tang Dynasty Buddhist monk Yi Xing along with government official Liang Lingzan made the world’s first clockwork escapement mechanism. It was used to create a device for astronomical observation which also had a mechanically timed bell that was struck automatically every hour, and a drum that was struck automatically every quarter hour.

#8 发明了世界上第一个钟表机械擒纵器
擒纵机构是机械表和时钟中的一种装置，它将能量传递给时钟的计时元件，并允许对其振荡次数进行计数。唐代僧人一行与政府官员梁令瓒共同打造了世界上第一个钟表式的擒纵器。它被用来制造一个天文观测装置，它还有一个机械定时钟，每小时自动敲击一次，还有一个鼓，每一刻钟自动敲击一次。（译注：水运浑天仪，设有两个木人，用齿轮带动，一个木人每刻（古代把一昼夜分为一百刻）自动击鼓，一个木人每辰（合现在两个小时）自动撞钟，这里说的时间不准确）

#9 A BETTER FORM OF PORCELAIN AND GUNPOWDER WAS INVENTED
Gunpowder was invented during the Tang Dynasty by Taoists who were attempting to create a potion of immortality. It is usually listed among the “Four Great Inventions” of China along with compass, papermaking and printing. Tang people collected natural gas into portable bamboo tubes which could be carried around for dozens of km and still produce a flame. These were essentially the first gas cylinders. The vitrified, translucent ceramic known as porcelain was invented during the Tang reign, although many types of glazed ceramics preceded it. Porcelain was exported to the Islamic world, where it was highly prized.

#9 发明了更好的瓷器和火药
火药是唐代的道士发明的，当时他们试图炼制一种能让人长生的药剂而发现了火药。火药通常与指南针、造纸术和印刷术一起被列为中国的"四大发明"。唐人将天然气收集到便携的竹管中，这些竹管在运输数十公里后仍能点燃产生火焰，这基本上就是第一个天然气罐。被称为瓷器的透明陶瓷是在唐代发明的，尽管在它之前也有许多种类的釉瓷。瓷器被出口到伊斯兰世界，在那里它们被人们视若珍宝。

Red ceramic glazed porcelain horse from the Tang dynasty

唐朝红釉瓷马

#10 PAINTING MATURED AND THE FIRST OPERA TROUPE WAS FORMED
Chinese painting developed dramatically, both in subject matter and technique. Among the most prominent painters of the period are Han Gan, Zhang Xuan, and Zhou Fang. EmperorXuanzong of Tang founded the Pear Garden which was the first known royal acting and musical academy in China. The performers formed the first known opera troupe in China mostly performing for the emperor. To this day operatic professionals in China are still referred to as“Disciples of the Pear Garden”.

#10 绘画逐渐成熟，成立了第一个剧团
在唐代，中国画在题材和技法两方面都有了长足的发展。这一时期最杰出的画家有韩干、张宣和周昉。唐玄宗建立了中国第一个皇家表演音乐学校--梨园。这些演员组成了中国第一个著名的剧团，主要为皇帝演出。时至今日，中国的歌剧专业人员仍被称为"梨园弟子"。
评论翻译
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：lxlewis 转载请注明出处
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-482736-1-1.html

Dark March 20, 2017 at 10:14 pm
i love this! It gave me all the information i needed for a project.

评论1：我爱死这个了！ 它提供给了我一个项目所需要的所有信息。

nina May 24, 2018 at 11:43 am
Same!

回复：同上！

potato May 6, 2017 at 12:42 am

it help ma on a project but its boring

评论2：这在我的一个项目上帮了我，但是它很无聊

divine November 16, 2017 at 1:41

amaweosme so much awesome i love it with all my heart

评论3：太好了，我棒了，我全身心地喜欢

Tayleign October 22, 2018 at 8:47 pmSchool is hell

评论4：学校是地狱

Peter Bllison November 1, 2018 at 9:06 pmIt’s not enough story behind it, better if more details for each..

评论5：讲得故事还不够，如果每一个方面都能有更多细节的话，就更好了。。

Nodnarb November 4, 2018 at 11:27 pmGood Job but try making it understandable next time for readers to read!

评论6：很好，但下次试着让读者观看时能更好地理解！

英国殖民统治下的印度是什么样子？ 印度人对此怀念吗？ [美国媒体]

quora网友：对于谁来说?对于欧洲的商贩们来说，印度提供了一个谋生的机会。由于苏格兰的机会较少，许多苏格兰人抓住了这个机会。他们常常生活在与世隔绝的环境中，远离自己的同胞（想想茶农们），过早地死去。印度的墓地里到处都是早年因疾病而死亡的人.......

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What was life like in British India?

​英国殖民统治下的印度是什么样子？ 印度人对此怀念吗？

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MFK
My near relation great grandmother is still alive. She livesin a village near pratapgarh uttar pradesh. She is 100+ and recently lost hisson who was 80+ years old. She still posses sound listening and speaking power.She has many memories of meeting british people like police officers,publicservants who she remember to be very humane, sensitive and serious in duty. Law and order was a serious affair asnone could get away easily. In general people were very respectful and hindusand muslims were living side by side. Cities and countryside were much cleanerand much less NOISIER. Revolutionaries of today were law breakers at that timeand people were scared of their children getting into politics and movements.World War was going on and army was a major employement avenue. These are someof the things i remember heard from her.

我的曾祖母还活着。她住在普拉塔普加尔附近的一个村庄。她100多岁了，最近失去了80多岁的儿子。她仍然拥有听和说的能力。她有很多关于英国人的记忆，比如警察、公职人员，她记得他们在工作中很有人情味、敏感、认真。

法律和秩序是一件庄严的事情，谁也逃不掉。一般来说，人们都很尊重法律，印度教徒和穆斯林都住在一起。城市和乡村比现在要干净得多，噪音也少得多。今天的革命者是当时的违法者，人们害怕他们的孩子卷入政治和运动。那时候，世界大战正在进行，军队是主要的就业途径。这些是我记得从她那里听到的一些事情。

Jim Coleman
For whom?
For the European traders and business people, India providedan opportunity to make a living. Many Scots took that opportunity since therewere fewer opportunities in Scotland. The trade-off was that they often livedin isolation, far from their own compatriots (think of the tea planters) anddied early. The graveyards of India are full of people whose lives were cutshort at an early age by disease.
For the Indian peasant, life continued as had always done,and still does: a life of grinding poverty. Few would have known or cared thatthey were being governed by the British.
For the Indian nationalist, it was a time of politicalstruggle. They would have felt the satisfaction of commiting their lives to anoble cause, and there would have been a feeling of excitement and fear of theconsequences.
For the ICS officer, life was often rewarding. 20 year oldswent out to govern huge territories, administering justice, and collectingtaxes. They too often had to spend months away from their fellow Britons, andmust have felt lonely at times, but they had the consolation that they belongedto the elite (‘the heavenborn’ as they were called), and were greatlyrespected for their moral probity and language skills. They devoted theirworking lives in what they considered to be in the service of the people, butthey kept themselves apart socially. as in the UK on military bases: theofficers live separately from the other ranks. You mustn’t socialise with thepeople you giveorders to.
For the British wives, they were often bored, and had tospend months alone as their menfolk went off to run their businesses orpolitical duties. Gossiping and affairs were common, especially in the hillstations where they felt they could ‘lettheir hair down’ away from thecritical eyes of the Indian population.
For the British soldiers, life too was often boring, exceptnow and again where there was the excitement of going to war along thenorth-west and north-east frontiers. Their status was low (just above that ofthe Indian). They were committed to their soldiering for many years.
For the aspiring Indiajn middle-classes wanting to get tothe top, there would have been frustration that the top jobs were generallyreserved for the British. This was changing in the final years of the Raj, and moreof these senior positions were opened up to them, particularly in the legalprofession. And Indian businessmen were free to make themselves millionaires.
What next? Oh yes, workers and lower and middle managementlevels, did their jobs as per usual. My own father-in-law was a post master inKalimpong, Darjeeling, Gangtok and Tibet, and respected the British he workedwith and for. A private school owner I met a few years ago modelled his schoolon the British schools he was familiar with.
For the Indian jawan, the army offered reasonable and stablesalaries and entitlements. To the frustration of the nationalist, most saw itas a good job and were uninyterested in nationalist ppolitics.
Many urbanIndians would have come across British racistattitudes. Not being allowed in a train carriage, or into a British club, or totravel among certain roads reserved for the British etc. would have hurt andthese experiences were no doubt embittering, a feeling that would have fuellednationalist feelings.
The British were fearful, especially after the sepoy revoltin 1857, and kept themselves apart in their own ‘lines’.They did not mix socially with Indians, even if they worked with them. Thiswould have caused resentment among the Indians.
The you have the police. No problem if you are dealing withcriminals, but it must have been very problematic being an Indian policemanduring the 1930s and 40s. Many must have been conflicted, having to deal withdemonstrations by people whose views they may have symapthised with. TheBritish officers must have felt pretty nervous about the loyalty of their men.
Life for the British was hierarchical, with social statusmirroring the Hindu caste system in its rigidity and formality. Large amountsof time were spent in seating people according to their rank at official dinnerparties! and if a.yone was seen to be mixing with the local people, they wouldbe ostracised. I doubt any of us present day Britons could tolerate livingunder such a regime.
For the outcastes, British rule was a liberation. For thefirst time they were offered opportunities to get an education.
And so on and so forth. No doubt others can identify morecategories to talk about.

对于谁来说?

对于欧洲的商贩们来说，印度提供了一个谋生的机会。由于苏格兰的机会较少，许多苏格兰人抓住了这个机会。他们常常生活在与世隔绝的环境中，远离自己的同胞（想想茶农们），过早地死去。印度的墓地里到处都是早年因疾病而死亡的人。

对印度农民来说，生活一如既往，现在依然如此:极度贫困。几乎没有人知道或关心他们是由英国人统治的。

对印度民族主义者来说，这是一个政治斗争的时期。他们会感到把自己的生命奉献给一项有满足感崇高事业，而且会有一种兴奋感和对不达后果的恐惧。对ICS官员来说，生活常常是值得的。20岁的孩子去管理庞大的领土，管理司法，收税。他们常常不得不与英国同胞分开几个月，有时肯定会感到孤独，但他们感到安慰的是，他们属于精英阶层(他们被称为“出生在天堂的人”)，他们的道德正直和语言技能受到了极大的尊重。他们把自己的工作生涯奉献给了他们认为是为人民服务的事业，但他们把自己与社会隔离开来。就像在英国的军事基地一样:军官们与其他军衔的人分开居住。你不应该和你下命令的人交往。

对于英国的妻子们来说，她们常常感到无聊，不得不独自度过几个月，因为她们的丈夫出去做生意或履行政治职责。闲谈和婚外情是很常见的，尤其是在那些，他们觉得可以让自己的头发从挑剔的印度人的眼睛里“垂下来”的小山上。

对英国士兵来说，生活也常常是枯燥乏味的，除了不时有在西北和东北边疆作战的刺激。他们的地位很低(略高于印度人)。他们还需要服役多年。

对于那些有抱负的印度中产阶级来说，如果他们想要登上顶峰，他们会感到很难，因为顶尖职位通常都是留给英国人的。这在统治的最后几年发生了变化，越来越多的高级职位向他们开放，尤其是在法律行业。印度商人可以自由地让自己成为百万富翁。

下一个是什么?哦，是的，工人们和中层管理人员，他们的工作和往常一样。我自己的岳父是一个在Kalimpong, Darjeeling, Gangtok的邮局主管，并且尊敬他工作中的英国人。我几年前认识的一个私立学校的老板，就是以他熟悉的英国学校为蓝本。

Himanshu Srivastava
A real life story from British India, as told by mygrandfather:
Once, during his school days, a teacher gave some homeworkfor the class to do and he didn't do it. The next day, at school, the teacherwas checking everyone's homework and punishing whoever had not done it. When mygrandfather's turn came, he said this:
Teacher: Show me your homework.
He: Sir, I've done it but forgot my notebook at home(thinking that he will be spared of punishment).
Teacher: Okay, go to your home, get it and show to me.
After an hour, when the teacher was taking junior levelclass, he called my grandfather there.
Teacher: Show me your homework.
He: Sorry Sir, I didn't do it.
The teacher, obviously got angry and took his cane to punishhim. My grandfather held his cane, saying that he should be punished in hisclass, not in front of the juniors.
During those days there used to be some kind of jury, whowere mostly British, in schools to discuss any such teacher-student arguments.The matter went to the jury and after hearing the matter, they agreed that ifteacher has to punish, it should be done in his class, and not in any otherclass.
This is one of the many interesting stories my grandfatherused to tell me.
This gives us lesson that even if we have made a mistake, itshould not stop us from raising our voice against something which we feel iswrong.

一个真实的故事，来自英属印度，就像我祖父说的:
有一次，在他上学的时候，老师给全班同学做了一些作业，但他没有做。第二天，在学校，老师检查每个人的家庭作业，并惩罚那些没有做的人。轮到我祖父时

老师:给我看看你的家庭作业。
他:先生，我做了，但是我把笔记本忘在家里了(以为他不会受到惩罚)。
老师:好吧，到你家去拿，给我看看。
一个小时后，当老师正在上初级课程时，他给我的祖父打电话。
老师:让我看看你的家庭作业。
他:对不起，先生，我没有做。

老师显然很生气，拿起手杖来惩罚他。我爷爷总是拄着拐杖，说他当时应该在他的班上受到惩罚，而不是在低年级学生面前丢脸。

在那些日子里，学校里总有一些以英国人为主的陪审团，来主持师生之间的争论。这件事交给了陪审团，他们听了这件事后同意，如果老师要处罚的话，应该在他的班上进行，而不是在其他班级。

这是我祖父常给我讲的许多有趣故事之一。
这给我们的教训是，即使我们犯了错误，也不应该阻止我们对我们认为是错误的事情而发声。

Anonymous
I asked this question to my paternal grandfather and fromwhat I understood, life was pretty good in big towns and cities as compared tolife in India post independence. My grandfather was born in what you could callan upper middle class family. My great-grandfather was an Accounts Officer inthe Military Accounts Department in the Indian Civil Services, equivalent to aCentral Group 'A' Civil-service today. My great-great-grandfather was a graintrader/merchant who had his own shop. They used to live in the city ofRawalpindi, Punjab now in Pakistan after the partition.
My grandfather said that life in those days was a lot betterthan post-independence. He said in particular that law and order in BritishIndia was respected and effectively enforced. Crime rates were also very low.It was the British Raj that brought modern amenities to India like the schoolsand universities, Railways, postal services, telegrams, electricity, canalirrigation systems, sewerage drainage, and water supply systems, etc.
My grandfather had done a small stint in the MilitaryAccounts Department himself as a clerk and had the opportunity to work with acouple of British officers and said that they were very congenial.
At the end of the the day, they were not exactly theruthless and mean white men that the Bollywood movies portray. They were justofficers posted in an overseas location.
I also had a chance to interact with my maternal grandmotherwho came from a Zamindar(land owner) background from the district of Dera GhaziKhan, Western Punjab now also in Pakistan. When I asked her about her life inthe village, she did not mention the interference of the British in the day today affairs. The Zamindars were the higher authorities in those days at thevillage level. The administration of the British in the villages was limited toa British District Officer/ Magistrate who enforced the law.
The movies probably exaggerate the relentless attitude ofthe British officers to bring out the patriotic element in the viewingaudience. In all probability, the violence must have been some form of lawenforcement.
However, this is just a view from the lives of two peopleand there could be different views. Also this view is geographically restrictedto the province of Punjab and maybe life was different elsewhere.
However, in all reality the population of the Britishofficers was so less that they probably did not go out looting and plunderingon the streets. Sure, the British Crown had policies of high taxation and ageneral attitude to deplete the resources of the colony, but I don't think itwas any different than the policies in the previous governments of the Princelystates.

我问了我的祖父这个问题，根据我的理解，与独立后的印度相比，大城市的生活相当不错。

我祖父出生在中产阶级的上层家庭。我的曾祖父是印度文官部门军事会计部门的一名会计官员，相当于如今的中央集团“A级”文官。我的曾祖父是一个谷物商人，他有自己的商店。他们过去住在拉瓦尔品第，现在在巴基斯坦的旁遮普。

我祖父说那时候的生活比独立后的生活要好多了。他特别指出，英属印度的法律和秩序得到尊重和有效执行。犯罪率也很低。英国的统治给印度带来了现代的便利设施，如学校和大学、铁路、邮政服务、电报、电力、运河灌溉系统、下水道排水系统和供水系统等。

我祖父本人曾在军事财务部做过一段时间的职员，并有机会与一些英国军官共事，并说他们非常友好。
说到底，他们并不是宝莱坞电影中所描绘的那种冷酷、刻薄的白人。他们只是派驻海外的官员。

我也有机会与我的外祖母交流，她来自地主家庭，来自西旁遮普的Dera Ghazi Khan地区，现在在巴基斯坦。当我问她在村里的生活时，她并没有提及英国人在日常事务中的干预。在那些日子里，地主们是村里的上层阶级。英国在乡村的管理仅限于执行法律的英国地区官员/地方法官。

这些电影可能夸大了英国军官在观众面前展示爱国主义元素的无情态度。很有可能，暴力一定是某种形式的执法。
然而，这只是两个人生活中的一种看法，可能会有不同的看法。此外，这种观点在地理上仅限于旁遮普省，或许其他地方的生活也有所不同。

然而，事实上，英国军官的人数如此之少，以至于他们可能不会外出抢劫和在街上抢劫。当然，英国王室有着高税收的政策，和消耗殖民地资源的态度，但我认为这和前几届的君主制政府的政策没有什么不同。

Savant Pasha
Indian people were put in chains. They had to salute the British flag firstthing in the morning. Failing to do someant being flogged. At ever streetcorner gallows were erected. Everymorning those Indians who raised their voice asking for freedom would be hangedthere. The bodies would be leftdangling till sunset, when relatives after returning from chain gang work couldremove and give the body a funeral (they would be unchained for an hour toattend to it). British cops would goaround examining houses for valuables. They would confiscate anything of value found and toss them into a shipwaiting to depart to England, once its belly was full. Gandy started a Satyagraha refusing to eatthe porridge that was served in the evenings to Indians, demanding that he beunchained first. Other Indians joinedthis Satyagraha and the British were so overwhelmed with guilt that, on August14th 1947, British cops went around unchaining people and telling them thatthey were free. The next day all Britsboarded ships to England and Nehru unfurled the Indian flag. Ask my six year old son to tell you thestory of India's rule by the Brits and this is what you will hear. To the amusement of his mates and teachersat his school in England, where he attended for a year, this is what he narrated.Can't blame him for having such impressions about British rule. Movies, textbooks and other material thatdelve into the subject conspire to create such impressions in people'sminds.
Speaking to octogenarians and the few left around who havewitnessed first hand hardly corroborates anything tyrannical. If anything, a picture of orderlinessemerges. Child labor was almostinvisible in the provinces. Railwaystations were very clean. Crime rateswere lower. Food shortages were notunheard of particularly during the great war, but the whole country was notalways starving. Water was not abundantand people had to cue up to get their share. Employment was not hard to obtain. Brits could be seen around but it was not common for them to interferein local matters,unless there was something serious. They were too busy enjoying their privilegesor complaining about the warm weather. Things suggest segregation was in place.
What we seriously lack is a realistic depiction of thosetimes and conditions. Jingoistictendencies have done much harm in creating a very negative and falseportrayal. This is unnecessary. There is a lot of work that needs to be doneif we wish to clean this up and ensure an objective rendering of an importantchapter of Indian history emerges

印度人被囚禁起来。他们不得不在早上首先向英国国旗行礼。不这样做意味着被鞭打。街角处竖立着绞架。每天早晨，那些要求自由的印度人都会被绞死在那里。尸体会被吊在半空，直到太阳落山，当亲戚们下班回来后，他们可以把尸体领走，为尸体举行葬礼(他们会被解开一个小时的锁链来照料尸体)。

英国警察会到处检查房子里的贵重物品。他们会没收发现的任何有价值的东西，然后把它们扔进一艘等待出发去英国的船，直到船舱填满。甘迪开始了一场萨提亚格拉哈(Satyagraha)的活动，他拒绝吃晚上供应给印度人的粥，要求先解开他的锁链。其他印度人也加入了萨蒂亚格拉哈，英国人充满了罪恶感，以至于1947年8月14日，英国警察四处搜捕并告诉人们，他们是自由的。

第二天，所有英国人登上开往英国的船只，尼赫鲁展开了印度国旗。让我六岁的儿子给你讲印度统治的故事，这是你会听到的内容。令他在英国的学校里的同学和老师们感到好笑的是，他在那里读了一年书，这就是他的叙述。不能怪他对英国统治有这样的印象。电影、教科书和其他深入探讨这一主题的材料共同在人们的脑海中创造这样的印象。

对80多岁的老人和身边的少数亲眼目睹了这一切的人来说，几乎没有什么可以证实他们的残暴行为。如果说有什么不同的话，那就是一幅井然有序的画面。在各省，童工几乎是看不见的。火车站非常干净。犯罪率低。

粮食短缺并非闻所未闻，尤其是在大战争期间，但整个国家并非总是处于饥饿状态。水并不富裕，人们不得不争抢去得到他们的那份。找到工作并不难。英国人随处可见，但他们通常不干涉当地事务，除非事情很严重。他们忙于享受特权或抱怨炎热的天气。事情表明种族隔离是存在的。

我们严重缺乏的是对那些时代和条件的现实描述。沙文主义倾向造成了非常负面和错误的描述，其实没有必要。如果我们希望清理这一问题，并确保客观呈现印度历史的重要篇章，就需要做很多工作